Electro-optic property of Ti⁴⁺-doped LiNbO₃ single crystal

Electro-optic property of Ti⁴⁺-doped LiNbO₃ single crystal is investigated. The electro-optic coefficients γ₃₃ and γ₁₃ of a series of bulk Ti⁴⁺-doped congruent LiNbO₃ crystals with different Ti⁴⁺ concentrations up to 12 mol% in crystal were measured by Mach-Zehnder interferometric method and correlated with the Ti⁴⁺-doping concentration. Both clamped and unclamped coefficients were measured. The results show that both γ₃₃ and γ₁₃ reveal a degradation tendency with the increase of Ti⁴⁺ concentration in both cases of clamped and unclamped measurements. Nevertheless, the degradation is no more than 15% for the considered Ti⁴⁺ concentration up to 12 mol%. The little effect is explained qualitatively and comprehensibly.