@inproceedings{977db12178e44bf38f7992a655c5a17d,
title = "Experimental studies of proton-exchanged waveguides in lithium niobate using toluic acid",
abstract = "Low-loss proton-exchanged planar waveguides have been fabricated in z-cut LiNbO3 using a new organic proton source: toluic acid. These waveguides exhibit a step refractive index profile with a surface index increase of 0.124 measured at 0.633 μm. The propagation loss was typically around 1 dB/cm. The diffusion constant Do and the activation energy Q for the photon exchange process were found to be 7.02 × 107 μm2/hr and 75.58 kJ/mol, respectively.",
author = "Pun, \{Edwin Y.\} and Loi, \{K. K.\} and Chung, \{P. S.\}",
year = "1991",
doi = "10.1117/12.50876",
language = "英语",
isbn = "0819407143",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
publisher = "Publ by Int Soc for Optical Engineering",
pages = "64--70",
booktitle = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
note = "Integrated Optical Circuits ; Conference date: 03-09-1991 Through 04-09-1991",
}