Integrating Electric Vehicles into Distribution Networks: A Low-Carbon Optimization Approach Using Vehicle-to-Grid Technology

With the global proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs), evaluating and quantifying the actual impact of electric vehicles on carbon emissions continues to be a challenge. This paper aims to design low-carbon optimization strategies for the distribution system (DS) and to quantify the value of carbon reduction in the distribution grid under EV and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. We propose an optimization method to formulate the charging schedule for EVs based on the carbon emission factors of the distribution grid. By leveraging V2 G technology, EVs are utilized as intermediaries for low-carbon energy dispatch, reducing the base load carbon emissions within the distribution grid and those associated with EV s. The efficacy of our proposed method is validated using the carbon emission factors from the Guangdong provincial power grid and real load data from the Southern University of Science and Technology campus. The results reveal that by dispatching 1000 EVs, the carbon emissions of the distribution network can be reduced 7.2 tons within a charging cycle (24h), marking a decrease of 2.5% compared to before the optimization, and significantly mitigating carbon emissions during the main grid's high-carbon periods. This research provides valuable insights for further advancing the development and application of EVs and V2G technology.